Over the past few years, I have come across discussions about cannabis cultivators in Illinois who have been granted permission to grow their crops outdoors. While this might not seem particularly noteworthy to the average person, those familiar with the intricacies of the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act (CRTA 2019) understand that cannabis cultivation typically takes place inside dedicated facilities. Some cultivators use greenhouses, which many view as similar to outdoor cultivation. I hadn’t seen or heard of any cultivators that were legally permitted to grow cannabis outdoors in Illinois, until recently.
I received word that there were two cultivation centers in the state of Illinois that were growing cannabis outdoors. I was told that Natures Grace and Wellness had an outdoor cultivation area in Vermont, Illinois, and that GTI operated a facility in Rock Island, Illinois, that also featured an outdoor growing space.
This article was edited for clarity and to add more details on 12/10/2023 at 5:45PM. Added context to the end of the article.
Note: Since this article was first published, more information related to this topic has been made available. Details are included below.
- Exclusive Follow Up: Outdoor cultivation of cannabis in Illinois – 08/19/2024.
- Another Outdoor-Cannabis Lawsuit Hits Illinois – 07/25/2025.
- Outdoor Cannabis Cultivation in Illinois: Tribune Highlights Story First Reported by The Cole Memo – 09/03/2025.
Upon conducting online research, I came across an article that appeared to showcase an outdoor section at Natures Grace and Wellness’s facility. I used this photograph to verify with my sources whether this was indeed the outdoor area they had mentioned, and they confirmed that it was the area in question, where they alleged cannabis cultivation was taking place. The photo, from MarijuanaVenture.com, is featured below.

I also managed to obtain photos of cannabis plants being cultivated outdoors at the Natures Grace and Wellness facility in Vermont, Illinois. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first publicly available image showing cannabis being grown outdoors, in compliance with the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, within the state of Illinois.

Edit for additional detail: If you use Google Maps, you can see what appears to be an outdoor cultivation area at the Green Thumb Industries facility in Rock Island, Illinois

In an effort to gain more insight, I reached out directly to the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDOA) with these photos. My initial contact was with David Lakeman, the Cannabis Division Manager, who had previously appeared on my podcast. I inquired, “Would you like to provide comment on this? Can you offer more information on how this aligns with IDOA regulations?”
David Lakeman’s response was as follows: “Hi Cole, thanks for reaching out. Hope all is well! Connecting you with Krista Lisser, the Department PIO, who handles our media inquiries.”
Subsequently, Krista Lisser replied with the following statement: “Hi Cole, The Department has nothing to add or comment on regarding this issue. Thanks!”
I submitted my initial Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDOA), which I have included below for reference.
Click to see my email request for information.
Dear Freedom of Information Officer,
Pursuant to the Illinois Freedom of Information Act (5 ILCS 140/), I am requesting access to and copies of records related to outdoor cannabis cultivation in the state of Illinois.
Specifically, I am seeking:
- Any and all documents, including permits, licenses, or variances, that pertain to the outdoor cultivation of cannabis or hemp in the state of Illinois.
- Information regarding any restrictions or conditions attached to these permissions, particularly any stipulations concerning the end use of the outdoor cultivated cannabis (i.e., for extraction or infusion purposes only).
- Specific documents related to Natures Grace and Wellness Cultivation Facility in Vermont, Illinois, and GTI Cultivation Facility in Rock Island, Illinois, in connection with their outdoor cannabis cultivation permissions or variances.
- Records referencing outdoor cultivation of cannabis or hemp.
Please provide the requested records in electronic format if possible. If some portions of the requested records are exempt from disclosure, please redact the exempt portions and provide me with the remainder of the records.
If there are fees associated with this request, please inform me in advance of fulfilling the request. However, I request a waiver of all fees, as the disclosure of the requested information is in the public interest and will contribute significantly to the public’s understanding of outdoor cannabis cultivation regulations in Illinois.
If you determine that any portion or all of the requested records are exempt from disclosure, I request that you provide a written explanation for such a decision.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. I look forward to receiving the requested information within the five business days as stipulated by the Illinois Freedom of Information Act.
The Illinois Department of Agriculture rejected my FOIA request, and you can find their response below.
Click to see Illinois Department of Agriculture’s full reply to my email request
Hello,
The following records have been requested pursuant to the Illinois Freedom of Information Act (5 ILCS 140/):
- Any and all documents, including permits, licenses, or variances, that pertain to the outdoor cultivation of cannabis or hemp in the state of Illinois.
- Information regarding any restrictions or conditions attached to these permissions, particularly any stipulations concerning the end use of the outdoor cultivated cannabis (i.e., for extraction or infusion purposes only).
- Specific documents related to Natures Grace and Wellness Cultivation Facility in Vermont, Illinois, and GTI Cultivation Facility in Rock Island, Illinois, in connection with their outdoor cannabis cultivation permissions or variances.
- Records referencing outdoor cultivation of cannabis or hemp.
With respect to records listed in 1, 2 and 3 of the above FOIA request, your request is denied. The requested records are exempt pursuant to Section 7(1)(a), (g), and (k), and Section 7.5(rr) of FOIA, or are contained within the supporting documentation for both the medical and adult use cannabis business establishments and are confidential pursuant to Section 145(a)(2) & (c) of the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Program Act, and Section 55-30(b)(1) of the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act. [5 ILCS 140/7(1)(a); 5 ILCS 140/7(1)(f); 5 ILCS 140/7(1)(k); 5 ILCS 140/7.5(rr); 410 ILCS 130/145(a)(2) and (c); 410 ILCS 705/55-30(b)(1)].
Section 7(1) of FOIA states in pertinent part as follows:
(5 ILCS 140/7)
Sec. 7. Exemptions.
(1) When a request is made to inspect or copy a public record that contains information that is exempt from disclosure under this Section, but also contains information that is not exempt from disclosure, the public body may elect to redact the information that is exempt. The public body shall make the remaining information available for inspection and copying. Subject to this requirement, the following shall be exempt from inspection and copying:
(a) Information specifically prohibited from prohibited from disclosure by federal or State law or rules and regulations implementing federal or State law.
(g) Trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person or business where the trade secrets or commercial or financial information are furnished under a claim that they are proprietary, privileged, or confidential, and that disclosure of the trade secrets or commercial or financial information would cause competitive harm to the person or business, and only insofar as the claim directly applies to the records requested.The information included under this exemption includes all trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained by a public body, including a public pension fund, from a private equity fund or a privately held company within the investment portfolio of a private equity fund as a result of either investing or evaluating a potential investment of public funds in a private equity fund. The exemption contained in this item does not apply to the aggregate financial performance information of a private equity fund, nor to the identity of the fund’s managers or general partners. The exemption contained in this item does not apply to the identity of a privately held company within the investment portfolio of a private equity fund, unless the disclosure of the identity of a privately held company may cause competitive harm.
(k) Architects’ plans, engineers’ technical submissions, and other construction related technical documents for projects not constructed or developed in whole or in part with public funds and the same for projects constructed or developed with public funds, including, but not limited to, power generating and distribution stations and other transmission and distribution facilities, water treatment facilities, airport facilities, sport stadiums, convention centers, and all government owned, operated, or occupied buildings, but only to the extent that disclosure would compromise security. Sec. 7.5. Statutory exemptions. To the extent provided for by the statutes referenced below, the following shall be exempt from inspection and copying:
(rr) Information that is exempt from disclosure under the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act. Section 145(a)(2), (b-5) & (c) of the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Program Act state:
Sec. 145. Confidentiality.
a. The following information received and records kept by the Department of Public Health, Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, Department of Agriculture, or Illinois State Police for purposes of administering this Act are subject to all applicable federal privacy laws, confidential, and exempt from the Freedom of Information Act, and not subject to disclosure to any individual or public or private entity, except as necessary for authorized employees of those authorized agencies to perform official duties under this Act and the following information received and records kept by Department of Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, and Illinois State Police, excluding any existing or non-existing Illinois or national criminal history record information as defined in subsection (d), may be disclosed to each other upon request:
***
(2) Applications and renewals, their contents, and supporting information submitted by or on behalf of cultivation centers and dispensing organizations in compliance with this Act, including their physical addresses. This does not preclude the release of ownership information of cannabis business establishment licenses.
***
(b-5) Each Department responsible for licensure under this Act shall publish on the Department’s website a list of the ownership information of cannabis business establishment licensees under the Department’s jurisdiction. The list shall include, but shall not be limited to, the name of the person or entity holding each cannabis business establishment license and the address at which the entity is operating under this Act. This list shall be published and updated monthly.
(c) Except for any ownership information released pursuant to subsection (b-5) or as otherwise authorized or required by law, it is a Class B misdemeanor with a $1,000 fine for any person, including an employee or official of the Department of Public Health, Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, or Department of Agriculture or another State agency or local government, to breach the confidentiality of information obtained under this Act.Section 55-30 of the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act states in pertinent part:
Sec. 55-30. Confidentiality.
(b) The following information received and records kept by the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Public Health, the Illinois State Police, and the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation for purposes of administering this Article are subject to all applicable federal privacy laws, are confidential and exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, except as provided in this Act, and not subject to disclosure to any individual or public or private entity, except to the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Public Health, and the Illinois State Police as necessary to perform official duties under this Article and to the Attorney General as necessary to enforce the provisions of this Act. The following information received and kept by the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation or the Department of Agriculture may be disclosed to the Department of Public Health, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Revenue, the Illinois State Police, or the Attorney General upon proper request:
(1) Applications and renewals, their contents, and supporting information submitted by or on behalf of dispensing organizations, cannabis business establishments, or Community College Cannabis Vocational Program licensees, in compliance with this Article, including their physical addresses; however, this does not preclude the release of ownership information about cannabis business establishment licenses, or information submitted with an application required to be disclosed pursuant to subsection (f);
Regarding question 4, your request for “Records referencing outdoor cultivation of cannabis or hemp” is too broad. Please specify the type of records you are requesting and also provide a time frame for the records search.
You have the right to have the denial of your request reviewed by the Public Access Counselor (PAC) at the Office of the Illinois Attorney General.
During my attendance at Southern Illinois University’s Cannabis Symposium, I had the opportunity to ask David Lakeman about this subject. He stated that he had no additional comments to provide on the subject. You can view his response below.
Off of the record, I have been informed by high-ranking officials within the Illinois Department of Agriculture that their reluctance to comment on the issue stems from the fact that outdoor cultivation is no longer permitted by the department. Consequently, they are currently facing legal action from GTI and Nature’s Grace and Wellness. While I have sought assistance from various individuals to locate a copy of this lawsuit, my efforts have thus far proved unsuccessful.
From the information I have gathered, these cultivators were granted a temporary variance/permit under the leadership of Jeff Cox, the former IDOA Medicinal Plants Bureau Chief. The current regulatory body does not share the same perspective on these variances and has opted not to issue any further permissions for outdoor cultivation. Consequently, Nature’s Grace and Wellness (NGW) and GTI are pursuing legal action against the state to retain their ability to engage in outdoor cultivation, citing their previous permissions as the basis for their lawsuit. From what I can tell, they’re allowed to continue operating while the case moves through the courts, though the outcome remains uncertain. If the court rules against them, it seems like they could be forced to stop outdoor cultivation. It’s unclear whether a favorable ruling for NGW and GTI would extend the same flexibility to other operators.
From what I have been able to gather: the variance that was issued stipulates that all cannabis cultivated outdoors must be designated for infusion or extraction purposes, such as for vapes or edibles, and cannot be sold as smoke-able flower. The Department’s current position seems to be that outdoor cultivation is not adequately defined in the law, as such, is not allowed. Some sources within the department have expressed concerns about potential pesticide use in nearby fields and other variables associated with outdoor cultivation, which could hypothetically impact the safety of the cannabis. It is worth noting that these concerns could be addressed through the rigorous testing protocols that all products reach before they go to market.
In my opinion, the broader conversation surrounding outdoor cannabis cultivation should include considerations for expanding access to all individuals permitted to cultivate cannabis, including registered medical cannabis patients in the state of Illinois. Outdoor cultivation has the potential to offer economic and environmental benefits to those that participate.
It is important to note that I have heard from multiple licensed cultivators who have also sought permission to cultivate cannabis outdoors. These cultivators allege that they were informed by the department that such permissions are no longer being granted, corroborating the information I have received from my sources.
Some of these licensed cultivators have expressed awareness of the ongoing lawsuit and speculate that the department’s refusal to comment on the matter stems from their involvement in this legal dispute.
Related articles
- Exclusive Follow Up: Outdoor cultivation of cannabis in Illinois – August 19, 2024.
- Another Outdoor-Cannabis Lawsuit Hits Illinois – July 25, 2025.
- Outdoor Cannabis Cultivation in Illinois: Tribune Highlights Story First Reported by The Cole Memo – 09/03/2025.
During conversations that I had with several craft cultivators, a recurring sentiment emerged—one that speaks to the potential of outdoor cultivation as a more accessible option for capital-starved operators. These cultivators argue that being granted permission to cultivate cannabis specifically for the purpose of creating infused or extracted products could unlock revenue streams that currently elude them due to protracted delays related to securing investors or constructing highly regulated, capital-intensive facilities.
To illustrate, picture a visit to a hardware store: it involves acquiring some fencing, tent poles, netting, and security cameras. When you contrast this with the monumental undertaking of constructing an indoor cultivation facility, the appeal of outdoor cultivation becomes apparent. It’s an opportunity to harness Illinois’ natural ag-friendly soil and climate, which is why many operators feel a sense of missed potential in not being able to leverage these advantages.
Additionally, it’s worth noting that I have received separate accounts from some craft cultivators who have explored alternative solutions to the challenge of indoor cultivation. Specifically, they have requested permission to utilize prefabricated units as a substitute for constructing a traditional, fully finished indoor facility. They believed this approach represented a fair compromise, as it would satisfy the stringent requirement of technically growing in a secure indoor environment while offering a more cost-effective and efficient option.
From the information I have gathered, these cultivators seem to have encountered obstacles in obtaining department approval for this approach. I have personally requested a formal, written decision on this matter but have yet to receive any documentation in response. This further underscores the complexities and nuances surrounding cultivation regulations in Illinois and the ongoing efforts by operators to find practical solutions within the existing framework.
I remain committed to providing accurate and timely information on this subject, as it becomes available. In closing, I hope that by shedding light on this issue and making this information public, individuals with greater expertise and resources may be able to locate the case documents pertaining to the ongoing legal battles involving outdoor cannabis cultivation in Illinois. Edit for clarity: I believe that everyone should be able to cultivate cannabis outdoors: this includes licensees, medical cannabis patients, and ideally: all adults in Illinois. This should not be a privilege that is granted to two licensees in the state of Illinois.
Enjoy this article? Read the latest that I’ve written on this topic, below.
- Exclusive Follow Up: Outdoor cultivation of cannabis in Illinois – August 19, 2024.
- Another Outdoor-Cannabis Lawsuit Hits Illinois – July 25, 2025.
- Outdoor Cannabis Cultivation in Illinois: Tribune Highlights Story First Reported by The Cole Memo – 09/03/2025.
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